What is on an IQ Test?
Nov 7, 2023
Ever wondered what an IQ test actually covers? These tests started out over a hundred years ago as a way to identify students who needed extra support in school. Today, they have grown into detailed assessments that reveal how people approach problems and think in different ways.
The Science Behind IQ Test Structure
An intelligence test (also called an IQ test) is not designed to measure everything you've ever learned in school or how many facts you know. Instead, it is designed to capture your cognitive abilities across several key areas. Â
Professional IQ tests like the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-5) or the Reasoning and Intelligence Online Test (RIOT) are organized into indexes, which each represent a core cognitive ability such as verbal comprehension, working memory, processing speed, or reasoning.
Every index is made up of several subtests that capture different aspects of that ability. For example, the working memory index might include tasks involving digit recall or mental arithmetic. Looking at performance across these indexes gives not only an overall IQ score but also a clear profile of the examinee’s cognitive strengths and weaknesses.
Understanding Test Duration and Format
One question that comes up constantly is "How long does an IQ test take?" The honest answer is that it depends on what kind of test you're taking. Professional assessments administered by psychologists using established instruments like the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-V) or the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (SB-5) can take over 2 hours to administer, but provide the most comprehensive evaluation.
Different Test Lengths:
• Professional assessments with a psychologist: 1½ to 3 hours. A test administered one-on-one is the “gold standard” of intelligence assessment and will allow the examiner to make observations about the test taker’s behavior.
• Full RIOT IQ Test: Approximately 1 hour. This is the most in-depth RIOT assessment, with 15 subtests measuring intelligence across six broad abilities: Verbal Reasoning, Fluid Reasoning, Spatial Ability, Working Memory, Processing Speed, and Reaction Time.
• Basic RIOT IQ Test: 15–30 minutes. This shorter version includes 5 subtests: Vocabulary, Matrix Reasoning, SToVeS, Visual Reversal, and Symbol Search. Â
Verbal ReasoningÂ
Verbal Reasoning subtests measure how well the examinee works with words, concepts, and language-based thinking. It's not just about having a big vocabulary (though that helps), but more about how you understand relationships between ideas and can work with verbal information in sophisticated ways.
The Verbal Reasoning index on the RIOT consists of three subtests: Vocabulary, Information, and Analogies. The Vocabulary section measures the breadth of a person’s word knowledge. The Information component tests your general knowledge, which is an excellent measure of how well a person has absorbed and organized information over their lifetime. Analogies is a subtest that requires the examinee to figure out the relationship between one pair of words and then apply that same relationship to a new pair of words.
Fluid ReasoningÂ
Fluid reasoning is the ability to think logically and solve brand-new problems that do not rely on previously learned information. It is considered one of the purest measures of intelligence.
The RIOT measures fluid reasoning with three subtests: Matrix Reasoning, Visual Puzzles, and Figure Weights. The Matrix Reasoning subtest shows a 3Ă—3 grid of squares with the final square filled with a question mark. The examinee must identify the pattern and select the choice that would complete the pattern if inserted into the missing square. Here is a sample from the Matrix Reasoning subtest:
On the Visual Puzzles subtest, examinees must assemble option shapes to make a shape shown at the top of the screen. The Figure Weights subtest requires the examinee to reason about the relationship of different shapes to one another.
Research shows that people who do well on fluid reasoning tasks tend to be good at learning new skills, adapting to new situations, and solving problems they've never encountered before.
Spatial AbilityÂ
Some people are naturally good at visualizing how things fit together in space, mentally rotating objects, or understanding how different perspectives of the same thing relate to each other. That's spatial ability, and it is incredibly important for success in fields like engineering, architecture, art, and many technical careers. People with high spatial ability are good at mentally rotating objects in three dimensional space, understanding how parts fit into a whole, and working with maps and navigation concepts.
These skills show up in surprising places. People with strong spatial abilities often excel in mathematics, do well in careers requiring technical problem-solving, and even tend to be good at reading maps and navigating new places.
The RIOT tests spatial ability through Object Rotation, SToVeS, and Spatial Orientation tasks. Object Rotation is exactly what it sounds like: the system shows a 3D figure, and the examinee must imagine how it would look if rotated. An example of the Object Rotation subtest is shown here:
The Spatial Tests of Verbal Stimuli (SToVeS) is a subtest that requires the test taker to understand their motion in two-dimensional space. Finally, the Spatial Orientation subtest measures whether a person can understand how different objects relate to one another in two- or three-dimensional space.
Working Memory
Unlike just remembering something (like a phone number), working memory involves actively manipulating information that is in conscious memory.
The RIOT tests working memory through 3 subtests: Computation Span, Exposure Memory, and Visual Reversal. The Computation Span subtest requires a person to solve simple math problems and remember the answers later. Exposure Memory tests how well an examinee can quickly encode visual information and then recall it later. Lastly, Visual Reversal asks examinees to remember a sequence of visual information and then repeat it backwards afterwards.
Working memory is an important ingredient of academic success, reading comprehension, and many complex thinking tasks. Because it is more than just recalling, working memory is essential for transforming information into new concepts and ideas.
To see this subtest in action, watch this video:
Processing Speed
Processing speed measures how quickly a person can work through simple cognitive tasks without sacrificing accuracy. The RIOT uses the Symbol Search subtest and the Abstract Matching subtest to measure processing speed. Symbol Search requires examinees to quickly identify whether one of the target symbols appears in a group of five other symbols. An example is shown here:
On the Abstract Matching subtest, there is an image at the top of the screen, and the examinee selects which of two options is more similar to the first image.Â
The tasks on the processing speed subtests might seem easy, but performing many very quickly and accurately is not.
Reaction Time
Simple reaction time measures how quickly your nervous system can process a signal and respond to it. The RIOT includes a Reaction Time subtest that has two parts. The first part, Simple Reaction Time requires the examinee to respond as quickly as possible to a stimulus shown on a screen. The second part, called Choice Reaction Time asks examinees to respond by pressing a “1” or a “2” on their keyboard, depending on the image they are shown.
Some people wonder why reaction time might be part of an intelligence test. But decades of research shows that people with faster reaction times tend to have higher IQs. It is believed that a faster reaction time reflects more efficient neural processing throughout the brain, which translates to faster and more effective communication within the brain.
What Your IQ Test Results Actually Tell You
After completing a comprehensive IQ test like the RIOT, the examinee receives a score report. This report provides the person’s overall IQ score and subscores for other cognitive abilities (e.g., one for each index). The IQ is a good measure of overall intelligence, while the individual subscores help a person understand their strengths and challenges.
Understanding these results can be really valuable for personal development, career planning, or educational decisions. If you want to dive deeper into how these scores are calculated and what they mean, this detailed explanation of IQ scoring and interpretation explains the whole process in a really accessible way.
Take the First Ever Professional Online IQ Test
The Reasoning and Intelligence Online Test is the first online IQ test that meets professional standards for psychological assessment. It was created by Dr. Russell T. Warne, who has over 15 years of experience in intelligence research.
What makes the RIOT different from the countless online IQ tests you can find with a quick Google search? Most of those are created by amateurs without proper training in psychometrics. The RIOT clearly stands out as the first online IQ test designed to meet all professional testing standards established by APA, AERA, & NCME. The RIOT has received the same rigorous development process as traditional in-person IQ tests used by psychologists, including outside expert review, a representative US-based online norm sample, and rigorous item tryouts and bias screening.
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