🇺🇸The official website of Riot IQ

Nov 20, 2025·Accuracy, Reliability & Criticism

Are IQ Tests Accurate?

Are IQ tests accurate? Yes, professional ones like WAIS & RIOT are highly reliable & valid. Discover how accurate IQ tests really are.

Dr. Russell T. WarneChief Scientist

One of the most common questions people ask about intelligence testing is whether IQ tests are accurate. It's a fair question. After all, if IQ tests are supposed to measure something as important as intelligence, they should produce trustworthy results. The short answer is yes, professionally developed IQ tests are accurate. But like most things in psychology, the full answer is more nuanced.

What does "accurate" mean for an IQ test?

Before answering whether IQ tests are accurate, it's important to define what "accurate" means in the context of psychological testing. Psychologists use two technical concepts to evaluate the quality of test scores: reliability and validity.

Reliability refers to the consistency of test scores. A good test produces reliable (i.e., consistent) scores when the same person takes it multiple times (assuming nothing has changed about the person). If someone takes an IQ test today and scores 115, and then takes the same test next month and scores 85, that would be a problem. The test scores wouldn't be reliable.

Validity refers to whether a test measures what its creators claim it measures and whether the scores can be used for their intended purpose. If IQ scores reflect people’s intelligence and those scores can be used to make predictions or decisions about how smart people are, then it is valid to interpret those scores as measuring intelligence. Test scores can be valid for one purpose, but not another. For example, it would be valid to use IQ test scores for hiring employees for cognitively demanding jobs, but using those same scores to determine who should be an organ donor would not be justified.

Both reliability and validity are properties of test scores, not of tests themselves. This is an important distinction that even some professionals forget.

To learn more about what an IQ test is, watch:

Are IQ test scores reliable?

The answer is a resounding yes. Professionally developed IQ tests produce highly reliable scores. Reliability coefficients range from 0 to 1, with higher numbers indicating better reliability. Modern IQ tests typically have reliability coefficients between .90 and .99, which is excellent. The RIOT’s internal consistency reliability, for example, is .984 for the global IQ score.

There are different ways to measure the stability of IQ scores. One of the most intuitive is to administer the same test to the same people twice. IQ scores tend to be highly stable under these conditions, with reliability values of about .80 for short periods of time. But the stability of IQ scores extends over longer periods, too. One study in Scotland reported that the same IQ test administered to a sample at age 11 and at age 90 had a reliability of .67, which is a very high level of stability across 79 years. Some personality and mental health tests don’t have this level of stability over the course of 1 year.

Reliability is never 1, though, which means that the stability of scores is not perfect. This doesn't mean your IQ never changes, but it does mean that large fluctuations are uncommon for most people over short periods of time.

Are IQ test scores valid?

Validity is more complex than reliability because there are many different ways to examine whether test scores are valid. One way to evaluate validity is to see if IQ scores predict real-world outcomes. And they do, impressively well. IQ scores predict academic performance, job performance, income, health outcomes, and many other important life variables. In fact, intelligence is one of the best psychological predictors of success in cognitively demanding tasks.

IQ tests also show strong correlations with biological variables. Higher IQ scores are associated with larger brain size, more efficient brain functioning, faster reaction times, and even specific DNA variants. If IQ tests weren't measuring something real and important, these biological correlations wouldn't exist.

Another form of validity evidence comes from the internal structure of IQ tests. Well-designed tests align with established theories of intelligence, such as the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory. When researchers analyze the patterns of scores from IQ tests, they consistently find evidence for the g factor (general intelligence) that Charles Spearman identified over a century ago.

When are IQ tests NOT accurate?

While professionally developed IQ tests are generally accurate, there are situations where they may not produce trustworthy scores:

Tests created by non-professionals: Most IQ tests available online are created by amateurs who lack training in psychometrics (the science of psychological testing). These tests often have no reliability or validity data, no proper norm sample, and no quality control. The scores from these tests should not be trusted.

Tests used on the wrong population: Even a well-designed IQ test can produce inaccurate scores if it's used on people for whom it wasn't designed. For example, administering an English-language IQ test to someone who doesn't speak English fluently would not produce an accurate measure of their intelligence. Similarly, using a test designed for adults on young children or vice versa can lead to misleading results.

Poor testing conditions: IQ tests require proper administration to produce accurate scores. If someone takes a test while exhausted, distracted, anxious, or under the influence of substances, their score may not reflect their true ability. Professional test administrators are trained to create optimal testing conditions and to recognize when scores may be compromised.

Practice effects: If someone takes the same IQ test repeatedly in a short period, their scores will increase due to familiarity with the test format and content, not because they've become more intelligent. This is called a practice effect, and it can raise scores by about 5 points on the second testing and about 3 points on the third testing.

For a deeper look into the accuracy of IQ tests, watch:

How to ensure you're getting an accurate IQ score

If you want an accurate measure of your IQ, here are some guidelines:

• Choose a professionally developed test. Look for tests created by experts with credentials in psychometrics or psychology, such as the Reasoning and Intelligence Online Test (RIOT). Legitimate test creators proudly display their names and qualifications. Any test created by an anonymous author should be avoided.

• Check for proper documentation. Professional tests have technical manuals that describe their development, reliability, validity, and norm samples. While these manuals may not always be publicly available, there should be evidence that they exist.

• Look for an independent evaluation. Has the test been reviewed by outside experts? Has it been used in peer-reviewed research? Searching for the test name in Google Scholar is a quick way to check.

• Ensure proper testing conditions. Be well-rested, free from distractions, and in a comfortable environment when taking an IQ test.

• Understand the test's limitations. No test is perfect. Even the best IQ tests measure general intelligence and some specific cognitive abilities, but they don't capture everything about how the mind works.

The bottom line: professionally developed IQ tests produce accurate, reliable, and valid scores. But accuracy depends on choosing the right test, using it appropriately, and interpreting the results correctly. When these conditions are met, IQ tests are among the most accurate psychological measurements available.

Author